Companies also want to make sure their employees can cope with stress. Disagreements can be costly and inefficient.
同時企業(yè)也希望確保員工能夠應(yīng)對壓力。工作分歧會導致高成本和低效率。

According to the BBC, in the US alone, there are about 2,500 personality tests on the market.
根據(jù)BBC的報道，僅在美國，市場上就有將近2500種性格測試。

One of the most popular is called the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator or MBTI. Used by 89 of the Fortune 100 companies, it has been translated into 24 languages and has been adopted by governments and military agencies around the world.
其中最流行的一種叫做邁爾斯?布里格斯類型指標，即MBTI測試?！敦敻弧冯s志100強企業(yè)里有89家采用這個測試，此測試被翻譯成24種語言，被全世界各地的政府和軍事機構(gòu)廣為采用。

Perhaps its attraction lies in its simplicity – according to the MBTI, we all conform to one of 16 character types.
也許這種測試的吸引力在于它的簡單——根據(jù)MBTI測試，我們每人都符合16種性格的其中一種。

But that simplicity is precisely what makes some people skeptical.
但是這種簡單也的確讓一些人持懷疑態(tài)度。

“There is something about the wish to put everything in neat little boxes so that we can manipulate them and make them serve our purposes,” says American author Annie Murphy Paul.
“這就好比把所有的東西都塞進整齊劃一的小盒子里，便于我們使用，適應(yīng)我們的需求?！泵绹骷野材?墨菲?保羅如是說。

Her book, The Cult of Personality Testing, claims such tests are leading people to miseducate their children, mismanage their companies and misunderstand themselves.
她的著作，《性格測試的狂熱》，認為這樣的測試會導致人們誤導自己的孩子，或是對公司管理不善，還會誤解自己的性格。

To someone unfamiliar with it, MBTI may look like random combinations of letters, but the first category is relatively straightforward – are you E or I? Extrovert or Introvert?
對于不了解MBTI測試的人來說，它可能看起來就是字母的隨機組合，但是第一個類別相對直接——你是E還是I？即：外向還是內(nèi)向？

The second is a choice between S or N – Sensing or Intuitive – which means some people interpret the world by collecting data through their senses, others reply on their gut feelings.
第二個是S或N的選擇——即理性還是感性——這是指有些人靠理性搜集數(shù)據(jù)來認識世界，而有人則依靠本能的直覺認識世界。

Are you a T or an F? A Thinker or somebody more governed by their Feelings? And, finally, are you J or P? Judging types prefer to regulate and manage their lives whereas Perceivers favor spontaneity.
你是T還是F？即：理智思考的人還是感情沖動的人？還有，你是J還是P？即：判斷型的人傾向于有條不紊地規(guī)劃和管理自己的生活，而憑感覺走的人更喜歡隨性自在。

The BBC reported that the overwhelming majority of the 2.5 million Americans who take the MBTI assessment each year feel their results do fit their personalities.
據(jù)BBC報道，每年參加MBTI測試的250萬美國人里，絕大多數(shù)人覺得測試結(jié)果符合自己的性格。

But according to Paul, as many as three-quarters of test takers achieve a different personality type when tested for a second time.
根據(jù)作家保羅的觀點，有四分之三的受測試者接受第二次測試后得到不同的結(jié)果。

She argues that the 16 distinctive types described by the Myers-Briggs have no scientific basis whatsoever.
她認為，邁爾斯?布里格斯描述的16種不同性格沒有任何科學依據(jù)。

Employees often sense that management is looking for a particular type for a specific post. This assumption may lead to test-takers cheating on the test.
雇員往往覺得管理者測試員工性格是為了給特定崗位尋找特定性格的人。這樣的臆測可能導致受測試者作假。

The investigative writer Barbara Ehrenreich, who has been a strong critic of personality testing for years, thinks employers have a greater tendency to worry about whether a candidate is introvert or extrovert.
調(diào)查作家芭芭拉?埃倫里希，多年來一直嚴厲批判性格測試，她認為雇主非常傾向于擔心求職者是內(nèi)向還是外向。

These days more employees are expected to work in teams. Sometimes, they are even expected to communicate effectively with people on the other side of the world whom they have never met.
現(xiàn)在，更多的雇員被要求進行團隊協(xié)作。有時候，他們甚至需要與地球另一邊素未謀面的人進行有效溝通。

There is a perception that extroverts are better at this.
有一種觀點認為，性格外向的人更能勝任此類工作。

“You will be told that no one type is better than another and you should be spontaneous in answering the questions,” she told the BBC.
“他們會告訴你，并非哪一種性格優(yōu)于別的性格，你應(yīng)該發(fā)自內(nèi)心地回答這些問題。”她接受BBC采訪時說。

“But, in reality, they are not looking for introverts. Even if what you are doing is looking at figures all day. They want everyone in the environment to be perky and positive and upbeat at all times.”
“但是，事實上，他們不喜歡性格內(nèi)向的人。即使你要做的工作是整天看圖表，他們也希望工作環(huán)境里的每個人整天都是活潑、積極、樂觀的?！?br />